Percentage Uniform Marks (PUM) Explained: A Comprehensive Guide
Understanding your Cambridge International exam results can often feel like decoding a complex language. While your final letter grade (A*,
Announcement: Cambridge IGCSE, O Level and AS & A Level June 2025 past papers are now available.
IGCSE stands for “International General Certificate of Secondary Education.” It is an internationally recognised qualification for secondary school students, typically taken by students aged 14 to 16. IGCSE provides a broad and balanced education while also letting students to develop essential skills and knowledge.
IGCSE is equivalent to O Level, UK GCSE, fifth form or year 11 in respective countries and schools. It is the pre-requisite qualification before one proceeds to Advanced Level (A Level) or sixth form (year 12 & 13) or pre-university studies.
There are two main exam boards that offer IGCSE to international learners. Namely, Edexcel and CIE (Cambridge International Education).
Announcement:
Cambridge International Education no longer be an Ofqual-recognised awarding organisation from December 20, 2024.
In order to know which one is best for you, please follow the detailed analysis outlined here:
Determining whether Edexcel IGCSE or Cambridge IGCSE is “better” depends on several factors, including your goals, future studies, and subjects availability. Edexcel IGCSE and Cambridge IGCSE are international qualifications with similarities in grading and subject offerings.
Edexcel IGCSE has a much straight forward approach, with only one type of paper combination for all learners. Thus, all learners have equal chances to score grade A* (or grade 9 with the new grading scale system).
Cambridge IGCSE has more (and rather complicated) paper combinations. Exam entries are based on teachers’ grade prediction towards the learners. Therefore, teachers’ predictions are often contradicting with what learners wish to achieve at final exams. Consequently, resulting in lower paper entries that prevent the learners to achieve higher grade in the exams. Learners have complaint not able to adjust exam entries in time, and are facing high level of stress.
Here is one of the many SOS messages:
“I actually I want to study medicine. So u know that universities needed grades like A* TO B. but I knew the core grade’s maximum, so I shocked to hear that. If you imagine that I got the grade C but it is not related to the university requirements so it is not possible to enter to my dream careeer. I also paid the fees for the IGCSE exam. Our school, also didn’t explained that clearer. Ok, So is there any ways to change the curriculum from core to extended. Any way or method (suggestion from you) “
As a homeschooler, you have much more control in choosing the subjects and paper combination. This however, has to be done based on your future study and career plans. If you need help in deciding on your subject group, simply drop us a message at the comment box below. We shall reply you within 24 hours.
Besides the freedom to choose the subjects and paper combination, private candidate is also free to register for exam whenever they are ready.
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Edexcel board currently offers 37 subjects for the International GCSE examinations. Edexcel’s iGCSE curricula are well established, and consistent throughout the learners’ learning journey. The curricula do not constantly change and thus learners can learn with peace of mind.
Learners may choose the subject combination based on their future studies in higher education.
Cambridge IGCSE offers more than 70 subjects. Students are required to take a minimum of 5 or maximum of 14 subjects. The core subjects are English, Mathematics and Sciences. Students can also choose other subjects ranging from Social Sciences (commonly Accounting, Business Studies, Economics, Sociology) to Arts & Technology (commonly Computer Studies, Information & Communication Technology (ICT), Art & Design).
Student is awarded with one IGCSE certificate on each subject. For example, you will obtain 5 IGCSE certificates, if you take 5 subjects. Each school decides upon the number of compulsory subjects differently. However, a private candidate may decides based on individual preference.
Edexcel iGCSE curricula are well-established, stable and based on current international audience requirements. Besides that, they have more extensive and wide range of topics that are prerequisite knowledge prior to International A Level studies.
Example topics and chapters that are available in Edexcel iGCSE, but not in Cambridge IGCSE:
Cambridge IGCSE curricula are regularly updated and extended on a yearly or every 2-year basis. Therefore, this has become a great challenge for learners, parents and teachers to catch up with the constant changes.
Example incident:
A teacher in a private school in the UK was not aware of the change of syllabus for English First Language. We managed to assist her with the new exam syllabus just 2 months prior to the exams.
In view of the constant change of Cambridge IGCSE syllabus, here at Skolatis, we have developed a system to keep updating our course material so that candidates are learning the right exam syllabus. Parents can have peace of mind that their children are learning the right syllabus.
Cambridge IGCSE Curriculum is divided into 6 main subject groups. Each group contains several subjects which learners can choose from, in order to fulfil the minimum required subjects.
IGCSE (International General Certificate of Secondary Education) and GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) are both qualifications that students in the United Kingdom and many other countries can earn, typically during their secondary education.
The main difference between IGCSE and GCSE lies in their geographic scope, curriculum, assessment methods, recognition, and flexibility. IGCSE is more internationally focused and flexible, while GCSE is primarily used in the UK and follows the UK national curriculum. Therefore, students and parents should consider these differences when choosing the most suitable qualification for their educational goals and circumstances.
GCSEs are primarily taken in the United Kingdom, including England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. However, in Scotland, a different system of qualifications is used.
IGCSEs are designed for international students and are offered by Edexcel and CIE. They are not limited to the UK and are used in many countries as an international qualification.
GCSEs follow the national curriculum of the United Kingdom. The relevant examination boards (for example AQA, OCR, etc.) in each of the UK nations determine the content and assessment methods.
IGCSEs do not necessarily follow the UK national curriculum. They often have a more global perspective and can be more flexible in terms of the subjects and content offered.
GCSEs in the UK are assessed through a combination of coursework (controlled assessments) and final exams. The grading system for GCSEs uses letter grades (A*, A, B, C, etc.).
IGCSEs typically rely more heavily on final exams, with limited or no coursework. The grading system for IGCSEs may use letter grades or a numerical scale.
GCSEs are widely recognised within the United Kingdom and are the standard qualification for students in the UK education system.
IGCSEs are recognized globally and may be more suitable for students who plan to study abroad or want to have their qualifications recognized in multiple countries.
GCSEs offer less flexibility in terms of subject choices and the content of the qualifications. Students typically follow a prescribed set of subjects.
IGCSEs often offer more flexibility in subject choices, allowing students to tailor their education to their interests and needs.
Universities and employers worldwide widely recognise and accept Edexcel IGCSE and Cambridge IGCSE qualifications.
Here are some examples international learners’ admissions into top universities globally.
Edexcel IGCSEs typically include written examinations, coursework, and practical assessments. The weightage of these components may vary depending on the subject.
Cambridge IGCSEs primarily rely on written examinations, with limited coursework and practical components. Assessment methods can vary by subject.
Edexcel IGCSE exams typically occur in January and June, standardised globally. Starting from November 2023, Edexcel has introduced the November series, replacing the January series. January 2023 was the last January series for Edexcel IGCSE. Therefore, from year 2024 onwards, Edexcel IGCSE is taking place in May/June and October/November.
Please refer to Edexcel IGCSE exam timetable and exam registration key dates for more information.
Cambridge IGCSE exams usually take place in May/June and October/November. With exceptional cases of March series for India, Romania and some schools in the Middle East.
Please refer to Cambridge IGCSE exam timetable and exam registration key dates for more information.
Note:
Although IGCSE and O Level are equivalent qualifications grade for grade, they are two different qualifications. IGCSE syllabus meets international standards while O Levels syllabus meets specific local needs in each country. Other notable differences are the grading scale, assessment techniques, and coursework options.
| IGCSE | O Level | |
| Grading | Grades are awarded from A* (highest grade) to G (lowest) | Grades are awarded from A* to E |
| Assessment techniques | Tests oral and practical skills | Focuses on writing and reading skills in language subjects Restricted practical test options in sciences |
| Coursework options | Available in many syllabuses | Fewer coursework options |
* If you need help in choosing between IGCSE and O Level, just leave us a question at the comment box below. We are more than happy to guide you.
Our internationally loved exam model answers had helped thousands of students in scoring A/A*. Schools and teachers worldwide have used these resources to aid in their teachings. Learn what an A* answer like, copy the style and score A* in your exam.
Our word-renowned IGCSE and AS/A Level courses had produced more than 1100 A/A* scorers worldwide. They are suitable for schooled or home-schooled candidates, and as full course or revision course.
We have the most complete past exam papers library on earth (no kidding!). Choose your exam board and download everything with one click.
Get the latest exam syllabus and plan your study accordingly.
Find out the exam registration and results released key dates for IGCSE and AS/A Level.
Check your administrative zone, the exam dates and time. For both IGCSE and AS/A Level.
Find and locate the nearest exam centre for your location.
Please kindly read the IGCSE FAQs here.
Note: CIE (Cambridge International Examination board) has its name changed to CAIE (Cambridge Assessment International Education) since October 2017.
In October 2023, CAIE updated its name, logo, look, and messaging. Cambridge International Education is the new name of the awarding body of Cambridge University Press & Assessment. This name will be used on materials related to administering exams and awarding qualifications.
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Understanding your Cambridge International exam results can often feel like decoding a complex language. While your final letter grade (A*,
If you are wondering what is A level, it is one of the most recognised pre-university pathways in the world,
Preparing for your IGCSE English as a Second Language (ESL) exam can feel daunting. You are not just learning grammar
Choosing the right educational pathway for your child is one of the most significant decisions a family can make. In
2,343 responses
Hello, I am a father of a local Chinese student, now choosing the international school for him, several questions want to ask you,
1) Ist possible International schools offer IGCSE and Alevel program in 3 years as high school and IGCSE only 1 year of it? will that be too much pressure for the kid? do you have any suggestions of the program length or it all depends on the abilities of students and teachers.
2) One school offering 6 IGCSE subjects which are Math, ESL, Mandarin, Eco, Physics, Chemistry, they want the kids to take all of them, but actually the kid can take only 5 minimum, right? so what about Alevel, how many subjets they to have to take? must be same as the IGCSE subjects they have passed already?
3) The teachers in China who are teaching IGCSE and Alevel, do you have any regulations on them? I mean do they need to pass your qualification exam or get any proof?
4) when specifically is the IGCSE and Alevel exam in mid of 2021? every year will be different? and they are going to sit in the exam in where?
Thank you very much, best regards.
Hi Li,
Thank you for writing in. Please kindly read our suggestions:
1. IGCSE is typically a two year programme for schooled students. While private candidates could finish the syllabus according to their own ability. It usually takes about 1-2 years to finish the whole IGCSE syllabus. If you do not want your son to follow the school’s 1-year IGCSE system, you may opt for taking the exam privately whenever he is ready. On the other hand for A-Level, there are three assessment options:
1.Take the AS Level only. The syllabus content is half A-Level and the students have about 180 guided learning hours per subject over the
duration of the course (normally one year).
2.Take a ‘staged’ assessment route (A2) – take the AS Level in one examination series and complete the final Cambridge International A
Level at a subsequent series. AS Level marks can be carried forward to a full A Level twice within a 13 month period.
3.Take all papers of the A-Level course in the same examination session, usually at the end of the course. The whole syllabus has
approximately 360 guided learning hours per subject over the duration of the course (normally two years).
We strongly suggest that you follow through the programme schedule and register only when the student is ready to sit for the exams.
Students who completed the full A Level (or sixth form or equivalent) certificate means the student is prepared and adjusted for the
first year of Bachelor degree.
2. Yes, the minimum subject requirements for IGCSE is 5 subjects. However, if you are registered in a formal school, you ought to follow the school’s subject options. With regards to A-Level subjects, students typically study four subjects at AS-Level and three subjects at A-Level. Furthermore, it is recommended that they’ve completed IGCSE level counterpart. For the specific required IGCSE subjects at AS/A Level, please kindly download the syllabus here and get the required subjects: https://www.skolatis.com/cambridge-international-as-a-level-syllabuses/
3. We are not CAIE, which is the exam board. Kindly address this concern with the school. Or you may write to CAIE directly to enquire about that.
4. Every year there are two examination series – June exam series and November exam series. Students take their exams in registered Cambridge schools or exam centres. To give you an idea of the exam time table, kindly read this post: https://www.skolatis.com/cambridge-igcse-exam-schedules/
You might want to check our renowned A* online revision course. Our revision courses consist of: revision notes and video tutorials, a ready-made revision timetable, downloadable exam-style practices, common mistakes candidates make during the exams, examiners’ advice, and also some chosen of our word-renowned A* Model Answers (for the respective subject) would be provided free. Please kindly find out the details here: https://www.skolatis.com/cambridge-igcse-revision-courses/
If you need further assistance, please do not hesitate to write to us again.
Hi, I m researching on ICGSE for my boy. Is it a must for a student to take math as a subject for exam? He is a special need child. 10yo this year. Am searching for way for him to opt other than math
Hello Jozlyn,
The good thing about IGCSE is there are no compulsory subjects. But candidates are required to complete at least 5 subjects for their whole IGCSE programme.
Choosing subjects depends on what your son wants to study in the future. However, it might be a little early at this age. The Core subjects (English Group, Maths Group, and Science Group) can be used as a guideline and fits most universities’ entry requirements. Get the subject syllabus here: https://www.skolatis.com/cambridge-igcse-subjects-syllabuses/
Furthermore, CAIE offers special arrangements for candidates with particular needs. They take into account the learner’s difficulty when assessments or learning tasks are performed. For more information, please kindly read these:
1. https://help.cambridgeinternational.org/hc/en-gb/articles/115004285225-What-are-Access-Arrangements-and-how-do-I-apply-
2. https://www.cambridgeinternational.org/exam-administration/cambridge-exams-officers-guide/phase-1-preparation/access-arrangements/
Dear Igcse team:
I heard that if you fail the main subjects in grade 10 term 1 final exams which are: English, Biology, Physics, Chemistry and ICT.
can you still do the ig’s in May/ June.
Hello Sadeen,
Your Grade 10 internal exams does not affect your chance in taking IGCSE exams. However, it may mean that you may not be ready to sit in for your IGCSE exams.
You may want to check out our A* online revision course. This would help you with your exam preparations. It consists of detailed revision notes, engaging video tutorials, ready-made revision timetable, downloadable exam-style practices, common mistakes candidates make during the exams, exam tips, examiners’ advice, and also some chosen of our word-renowned A* Model Answers (for the respective subject) would be provided free.
Furthermore, you may use the revision courses along with your studies at school. We have got many candidates doing that, and they have gotten better grades at school.
To understand how it works, kindly read this page: https://www.skolatis.com/cambridge-igcse-revision-courses/
I heard that if you fail the main subjects in grade 10 which are: Chemistry, Biology, Physics, English and ICT, in grade 10 term 1 final exams, you won’t be able to do the Ig’s you won’t in May/ June, is it true?
Hello Sadeen,
Your Grade 10 internal exams does not affect your chance in taking IGCSE exams. However, it may mean that you may not be ready to sit in for your IGCSE exams.
You may want to check out our A* online revision course. This would help you with your exam preparations. It consists of detailed revision notes, engaging video tutorials, ready-made revision timetable, downloadable exam-style practices, common mistakes candidates make during the exams, exam tips, examiners’ advice, and also some chosen of our word-renowned A* Model Answers (for the respective subject) would be provided free.
Furthermore, you may use the revision courses along with your studies at school. We have got many candidates doing that, and they have gotten better grades at school.
To understand how it works, kindly read this page: https://www.skolatis.com/cambridge-igcse-revision-courses/
Hi.
Kindly clarify the difference between an ICE Certificate that is issued to a student who takes a minimum of 7 subjects and a student who takes a minimum of 5 subjects. will the student with 5 subjects be issued with a certificate and will they be eligible for university intake.
My daughter is taking 7 subjects and she wants to drop two and remain with 5. Would she be disadvantaged if she did this? You can let us know if there are any setbacks.
Regards
Hello Sarah,
ICE Award is not a requirement to be eligible for further studies. It is simply a group award that recognizes a candidate’s achievement in a wider range of subject selection. Furthermore, students will obtain separate certificates for each subject.
If sitting in for 7 subjects is causing her too much stress, we suggest that she only take the subjects that are part of the university’s entry requirements. It is best that she inquire to the university to get confirmation on required subjects in accordance with what she wants for her further study.