Percentage Uniform Marks (PUM) Explained: A Comprehensive Guide
Understanding your Cambridge International exam results can often feel like decoding a complex language. While your final letter grade (A*,
Announcement: Cambridge IGCSE, O Level and AS & A Level June 2025 past papers are now available.
IGCSE stands for “International General Certificate of Secondary Education.” It is an internationally recognised qualification for secondary school students, typically taken by students aged 14 to 16. IGCSE provides a broad and balanced education while also letting students to develop essential skills and knowledge.
IGCSE is equivalent to O Level, UK GCSE, fifth form or year 11 in respective countries and schools. It is the pre-requisite qualification before one proceeds to Advanced Level (A Level) or sixth form (year 12 & 13) or pre-university studies.
There are two main exam boards that offer IGCSE to international learners. Namely, Edexcel and CIE (Cambridge International Education).
Announcement:
Cambridge International Education no longer be an Ofqual-recognised awarding organisation from December 20, 2024.
In order to know which one is best for you, please follow the detailed analysis outlined here:
Determining whether Edexcel IGCSE or Cambridge IGCSE is “better” depends on several factors, including your goals, future studies, and subjects availability. Edexcel IGCSE and Cambridge IGCSE are international qualifications with similarities in grading and subject offerings.
Edexcel IGCSE has a much straight forward approach, with only one type of paper combination for all learners. Thus, all learners have equal chances to score grade A* (or grade 9 with the new grading scale system).
Cambridge IGCSE has more (and rather complicated) paper combinations. Exam entries are based on teachers’ grade prediction towards the learners. Therefore, teachers’ predictions are often contradicting with what learners wish to achieve at final exams. Consequently, resulting in lower paper entries that prevent the learners to achieve higher grade in the exams. Learners have complaint not able to adjust exam entries in time, and are facing high level of stress.
Here is one of the many SOS messages:
“I actually I want to study medicine. So u know that universities needed grades like A* TO B. but I knew the core grade’s maximum, so I shocked to hear that. If you imagine that I got the grade C but it is not related to the university requirements so it is not possible to enter to my dream careeer. I also paid the fees for the IGCSE exam. Our school, also didn’t explained that clearer. Ok, So is there any ways to change the curriculum from core to extended. Any way or method (suggestion from you) “
As a homeschooler, you have much more control in choosing the subjects and paper combination. This however, has to be done based on your future study and career plans. If you need help in deciding on your subject group, simply drop us a message at the comment box below. We shall reply you within 24 hours.
Besides the freedom to choose the subjects and paper combination, private candidate is also free to register for exam whenever they are ready.
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Edexcel board currently offers 37 subjects for the International GCSE examinations. Edexcel’s iGCSE curricula are well established, and consistent throughout the learners’ learning journey. The curricula do not constantly change and thus learners can learn with peace of mind.
Learners may choose the subject combination based on their future studies in higher education.
Cambridge IGCSE offers more than 70 subjects. Students are required to take a minimum of 5 or maximum of 14 subjects. The core subjects are English, Mathematics and Sciences. Students can also choose other subjects ranging from Social Sciences (commonly Accounting, Business Studies, Economics, Sociology) to Arts & Technology (commonly Computer Studies, Information & Communication Technology (ICT), Art & Design).
Student is awarded with one IGCSE certificate on each subject. For example, you will obtain 5 IGCSE certificates, if you take 5 subjects. Each school decides upon the number of compulsory subjects differently. However, a private candidate may decides based on individual preference.
Edexcel iGCSE curricula are well-established, stable and based on current international audience requirements. Besides that, they have more extensive and wide range of topics that are prerequisite knowledge prior to International A Level studies.
Example topics and chapters that are available in Edexcel iGCSE, but not in Cambridge IGCSE:
Cambridge IGCSE curricula are regularly updated and extended on a yearly or every 2-year basis. Therefore, this has become a great challenge for learners, parents and teachers to catch up with the constant changes.
Example incident:
A teacher in a private school in the UK was not aware of the change of syllabus for English First Language. We managed to assist her with the new exam syllabus just 2 months prior to the exams.
In view of the constant change of Cambridge IGCSE syllabus, here at Skolatis, we have developed a system to keep updating our course material so that candidates are learning the right exam syllabus. Parents can have peace of mind that their children are learning the right syllabus.
Cambridge IGCSE Curriculum is divided into 6 main subject groups. Each group contains several subjects which learners can choose from, in order to fulfil the minimum required subjects.
IGCSE (International General Certificate of Secondary Education) and GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) are both qualifications that students in the United Kingdom and many other countries can earn, typically during their secondary education.
The main difference between IGCSE and GCSE lies in their geographic scope, curriculum, assessment methods, recognition, and flexibility. IGCSE is more internationally focused and flexible, while GCSE is primarily used in the UK and follows the UK national curriculum. Therefore, students and parents should consider these differences when choosing the most suitable qualification for their educational goals and circumstances.
GCSEs are primarily taken in the United Kingdom, including England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. However, in Scotland, a different system of qualifications is used.
IGCSEs are designed for international students and are offered by Edexcel and CIE. They are not limited to the UK and are used in many countries as an international qualification.
GCSEs follow the national curriculum of the United Kingdom. The relevant examination boards (for example AQA, OCR, etc.) in each of the UK nations determine the content and assessment methods.
IGCSEs do not necessarily follow the UK national curriculum. They often have a more global perspective and can be more flexible in terms of the subjects and content offered.
GCSEs in the UK are assessed through a combination of coursework (controlled assessments) and final exams. The grading system for GCSEs uses letter grades (A*, A, B, C, etc.).
IGCSEs typically rely more heavily on final exams, with limited or no coursework. The grading system for IGCSEs may use letter grades or a numerical scale.
GCSEs are widely recognised within the United Kingdom and are the standard qualification for students in the UK education system.
IGCSEs are recognized globally and may be more suitable for students who plan to study abroad or want to have their qualifications recognized in multiple countries.
GCSEs offer less flexibility in terms of subject choices and the content of the qualifications. Students typically follow a prescribed set of subjects.
IGCSEs often offer more flexibility in subject choices, allowing students to tailor their education to their interests and needs.
Universities and employers worldwide widely recognise and accept Edexcel IGCSE and Cambridge IGCSE qualifications.
Here are some examples international learners’ admissions into top universities globally.
Edexcel IGCSEs typically include written examinations, coursework, and practical assessments. The weightage of these components may vary depending on the subject.
Cambridge IGCSEs primarily rely on written examinations, with limited coursework and practical components. Assessment methods can vary by subject.
Edexcel IGCSE exams typically occur in January and June, standardised globally. Starting from November 2023, Edexcel has introduced the November series, replacing the January series. January 2023 was the last January series for Edexcel IGCSE. Therefore, from year 2024 onwards, Edexcel IGCSE is taking place in May/June and October/November.
Please refer to Edexcel IGCSE exam timetable and exam registration key dates for more information.
Cambridge IGCSE exams usually take place in May/June and October/November. With exceptional cases of March series for India, Romania and some schools in the Middle East.
Please refer to Cambridge IGCSE exam timetable and exam registration key dates for more information.
Note:
Although IGCSE and O Level are equivalent qualifications grade for grade, they are two different qualifications. IGCSE syllabus meets international standards while O Levels syllabus meets specific local needs in each country. Other notable differences are the grading scale, assessment techniques, and coursework options.
| IGCSE | O Level | |
| Grading | Grades are awarded from A* (highest grade) to G (lowest) | Grades are awarded from A* to E |
| Assessment techniques | Tests oral and practical skills | Focuses on writing and reading skills in language subjects Restricted practical test options in sciences |
| Coursework options | Available in many syllabuses | Fewer coursework options |
* If you need help in choosing between IGCSE and O Level, just leave us a question at the comment box below. We are more than happy to guide you.
Our internationally loved exam model answers had helped thousands of students in scoring A/A*. Schools and teachers worldwide have used these resources to aid in their teachings. Learn what an A* answer like, copy the style and score A* in your exam.
Our word-renowned IGCSE and AS/A Level courses had produced more than 1100 A/A* scorers worldwide. They are suitable for schooled or home-schooled candidates, and as full course or revision course.
We have the most complete past exam papers library on earth (no kidding!). Choose your exam board and download everything with one click.
Get the latest exam syllabus and plan your study accordingly.
Find out the exam registration and results released key dates for IGCSE and AS/A Level.
Check your administrative zone, the exam dates and time. For both IGCSE and AS/A Level.
Find and locate the nearest exam centre for your location.
Please kindly read the IGCSE FAQs here.
Note: CIE (Cambridge International Examination board) has its name changed to CAIE (Cambridge Assessment International Education) since October 2017.
In October 2023, CAIE updated its name, logo, look, and messaging. Cambridge International Education is the new name of the awarding body of Cambridge University Press & Assessment. This name will be used on materials related to administering exams and awarding qualifications.
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Haneea Yasir
UAE
Amir Ijaz
Saudi Arabia
Understanding your Cambridge International exam results can often feel like decoding a complex language. While your final letter grade (A*,
If you are wondering what is A level, it is one of the most recognised pre-university pathways in the world,
Preparing for your IGCSE English as a Second Language (ESL) exam can feel daunting. You are not just learning grammar
Choosing the right educational pathway for your child is one of the most significant decisions a family can make. In
2,343 responses
Dear Sir,
I need your suggestion in choosing subjects since now I planned to sit for IGCSE exam but I do not know that which subjects should I choose as I will take Environmental and Resource management at university? So, would you mind to give some suggestions in choosing subjects?
And I am supposed to take 7 subjects, right?
Thank you
Yeetip
Hello Yeetip,
The minimum subjects needed for IGCSE is 5. Three from the core groups, and two from either groups.
Please refer to the subjects groups here:
https://www.skolatis.com/what-is-igcse/
You MUST choose 1 subject from the English Group, 1 subject from the Maths Group, and 1 subject from the Science Group. The other 2 subjects you can choose from either the English, Maths, Science groups (again); OR Languages, Humanities and Social Sciences, Business Technical and Vocational groups.
Definitely you can take 7 subjects (or more but maximum 14) if you want to.
Please check with the university what are the subjects that they would like to see on your IGCSE result slip.
Dear Sir,
Today, I visited British Council and have made some questions to them. They said the available subjects are usually limited by country. And, they gave me some sites to look for but i still am not clear yet. So, would you mind if I want to ask this question again.
How can I know that the subjects are available in my country, Myanmar?
And, now, there are five subjects that I already chose but one subject left. In my thought I want to take First English Language or Environmental Management. But, here, I cannot find the coursebook of Environmental Management so I might choose F.Eng.Language instead because I do not want to take the hard one since I do selfstudy.
So, then, Can I also take both English as a Second Language and First English Language?
Looking for your answer,
Best,
Summers@yeetip
Hi Summer,
No, you can’t enrol both English First Language and English Second Language in the same term. For example: You can choose to do one English language in May/June term, and another one in Oct/Nov term.
You can always order the coursebooks online, and they will be delivered to you. You can find some recommended books here:
https://www.skolatis.com/recommended-books/
(We will update all Recommended Books by the end of this year for 2015 session and onwards)
If you choose the 5 core subjects, they’re all available for all countries. If you could give us a list of your chosen subjects, we will try to help you to look them up.
(In fact, British Council should be able to answer your question. As they will do the exam entry registration for you and you will write your exam there. They know every well which subject is available for registration in your country)
Thanks you so much for your kindness,
Yes, sir, 5 subjects of mine are extended:
1. Mathematics (0580)
2. English as a second language (0510)
3. Physics (0625)
4. Chemistry (0620)
5. Biology (0610)
Then, I planned to take one more subject: Environmental Management, or Business Study or Geography.
Overall, I need 6 subjects and they all are extended. Would you mind to help me finding Are these all subjects available to my country, Myanmar or not?
Thanks you so much,
Hi Summer,
Give us some time, we will get back to you 🙂
Hi, I finished my IGCSEs last Oct/Nov and when the results came out, I achieved a total of 7A*. I was wondering what I should do as I am planning on furthering my studies in the US. Some told me to do SATs by going to high school while others insisted I go to community college. Isn’t community college for those who do not achieve good grades in high school? Is it possible for me to go to a normal college? I also want to study medicine there in America and am fully aware of the length of study required. Would going to community college affect my chances of being admitted?
I suppose coming from a good college would be better for my application into medical school as entry is very competitive. Which one do you think would suit me the best or are there any other alternatives?
If it helps, I also achieved an overall band 8 in my IELTS exam.
I am indeed from Myanmar but I will be entering the US with a green card as my mother won the DV visa (Diversity Visa).
It would really help if you could reply soon. Thank you.
Hi Yu,
Congratulation on your great results achievement!
Though we don’t know the subjects that you scored A*, we assume they are subjects that are required by med (medicine) school. If you scored A* for all the necessary subjects for med school, e.g.: English (first or second language), Mathematics (modern or further), Physics, Chemistry, Biology, you in fact could try to apply straight for Medicine Pre-U course / A-Level, either in UK or else where.
We strongly encourage you to even try applying for scholarship with UK universities.
Pre-U courses / A-Level could keep the door open for you as they are recognised worldwide. Further more, you have more choices to choose as to which country you would study later. SAT or community college would keep your option ‘not so open’.
Please also remember, your IELTS result is only valid for 2 years. And IELTS might not be accepted by some colleges in US. This, you have to check with the US colleges that you’re interested in.
Don’t make your decision in a rush, sometime what you think is good for you might not be good. 🙂
We are always here to help, feel free to write to us to discuss.
Firstly, thank you for replying.
I achieved A* in A-Maths, E-Maths, Chemistry, Physics, Biology and both English as a first and second language. Although I am interested in doing A-Levels, since my whole family is moving to the States because of the DV visa, I’m afraid it’s in the US that I have to continue my studies.
As i will be entering there with a green card in hand, my IELTS results would no longer be necessary.
As I do not know much about the US education system,I was wondering if you could give me some insights on what I can do in the US after having finished my IGCSEs. Thank you 🙂
Hi Yu,
We would still recommend you to follow A-Level courses, as they are widely accepted in major universities in the US as well.
Another suggestion to you, you could contact your preferred universities in the US, and enquire about the entry requirements. From there, you would know precisely what you need to achieve in order to enter the university.
We wish you the very best!
Dear Yu,
Congratulations! You are pretty good, I mean excellent. I am from Myanmar, too.
But, one thing that I would like to ask you is How could you do that? and now I am trying to apply for a scholarship, but the problem is that the university that I would apply, they need ICGSE and now as I am not a student attending International university, then would you like to give me some advice that Where is the best place to get IGCSE courses, all subjects?
As I am not familiar with it, I could find the course in Yangon. It would be a great help to me if you could reply me with some advice.
thanks you
Yeetip
Hi Sai,
Sorry for the late reply but i just saw your comment now.
I’m afraid have no clue as to what I will do there in the US regarding my education. My dad told me to meet up with the advisers there and discuss further.
As for the IGCSE courses, I do not know much about those in Yangon since I am from Mandalay. What I did though, was attend MCTA ( Mandalay Chan Thar Academy) and took my IGCSEs there. I also went to Knowlege House tuition centre for extra classes.
But the good news is that MCTA is a branch of RV! Academy and there is an RV! Centre in Yangon. You can inqure for further information and see whether you like it or not. I hope this helps 🙂
Yu
Hi Yu,
We would like to share some thoughts on your education in the US.
It is better to speak directly with the university that you want to apply, and ask them what is their entry requirement. From there, you would have an idea as to which school or which programme to study, and what kind of grades they are expecting from you.
Hope this helps.
Hi, my son arif wanted to do igcse in libya international school and in future he wants become electro mechanical engineer so what subjects are compolsory for him please advise
Hello Jaher,
We would suggest him to take the below subjects:
The above subjects are mostly required by universities to enable him to enter into mechanical engineering school in the future. If your son is not able to take 3 sciences (Triple Award), he must take at least Co-ordinated Science (Double Award).
hello,
First of all, I am syrian and currently living and studyig the IGCSE curriculum in egypt. i finished 5 o-level subjects in grade 10 (english as a second language[CIE] & [edexcel], french [CIE], math [edexcel] , chemistry[CIE] , ICT [CIE] ) and next year i am going to have 3 o- level subjects (physics [CIE] , sociology[CI] , business[CIE]).
furthermore, I would like to study ‘film directing’ in the U.S.A and i am not sure whether these subjects with grades between (C-A*) are acceptable in order for me to enroll in an american university or do I have to study A levels or have the SAT exam to be accepted ?
Thats all, please reply as soon as possible!
Thanks,
l.A ,
Hi Luna,
First of all, we would like to highlight the ‘mixture’ of exams you’re taking would cause you great risk.
Please understand that IGCSE from Cambridge is NOT the same as Edexcel.
If you sit for CIE papers, you will get IGCSE certificates awarded by Cambridge. They are NOT the same certificates as from Edexcel, as such you can’t combined the units from these 2 different exam boards.
What we can see here, you do not have all required subjects from CIE. As you did Mathematic in Edexcel.
Please check with the ‘Film Directing’ school in the US for the required subjects they need.
I have a few doubts about the grades required in high school as well as IGCSE exams in order to enter into a good university(I am a private candidate).
Do colleges require the applicants to have completed all 13 grades of school or is a document showing the proof of completing 11 years of school enough? Do colleges require high school grades to be exceptional or is it okay if I just pass all exams in high school and get exceptional marks in IGCSE/A level exams? it would be difficult for me to do extremely well in both IGCSE and normal school exams at the same time, but A levels should not pose a problem as I could concentrate only on A level exams, provided I don’t do grades 12 and 13 in homeschool(if colleges accept that).
Please respond to my enquiry ASAP.
Thank you
Hi Promodh,
You need to complete your final exams for secondary school and also high school.
We would recommend you to concentrate on IGCSE and later on proceed to A-Level. If your “normal school exams” are not O-Level, because you are not allowed to take IGCSE and O-Level certification at the same time.
Some universities entry requirements required both A-Level and IGCSE subjects. You can find out from your desired university, and see what are the subjects required for the course that you want to study later.
Thank you for your response. But I have another doubt : are the following subjects that I have chosen satisfactory for IGCSE qualifications? (I don’t need the CIE certificate so that is why I am doing just 5 subjects)
Math extended
English language extended
Business studies
Economics
Sociology
Hi Pramodh,
You need at least one subject from the science group. Below are the subjects from the science group:
Just choose one among them.