Percentage Uniform Marks (PUM) Explained: A Comprehensive Guide
Understanding your Cambridge International exam results can often feel like decoding a complex language. While your final letter grade (A*,
Announcement: Cambridge IGCSE, O Level and AS & A Level June 2025 past papers are now available.
IGCSE stands for “International General Certificate of Secondary Education.” It is an internationally recognised qualification for secondary school students, typically taken by students aged 14 to 16. IGCSE provides a broad and balanced education while also letting students to develop essential skills and knowledge.
IGCSE is equivalent to O Level, UK GCSE, fifth form or year 11 in respective countries and schools. It is the pre-requisite qualification before one proceeds to Advanced Level (A Level) or sixth form (year 12 & 13) or pre-university studies.
There are two main exam boards that offer IGCSE to international learners. Namely, Edexcel and CIE (Cambridge International Education).
Announcement:
Cambridge International Education no longer be an Ofqual-recognised awarding organisation from December 20, 2024.
In order to know which one is best for you, please follow the detailed analysis outlined here:
Determining whether Edexcel IGCSE or Cambridge IGCSE is “better” depends on several factors, including your goals, future studies, and subjects availability. Edexcel IGCSE and Cambridge IGCSE are international qualifications with similarities in grading and subject offerings.
Edexcel IGCSE has a much straight forward approach, with only one type of paper combination for all learners. Thus, all learners have equal chances to score grade A* (or grade 9 with the new grading scale system).
Cambridge IGCSE has more (and rather complicated) paper combinations. Exam entries are based on teachers’ grade prediction towards the learners. Therefore, teachers’ predictions are often contradicting with what learners wish to achieve at final exams. Consequently, resulting in lower paper entries that prevent the learners to achieve higher grade in the exams. Learners have complaint not able to adjust exam entries in time, and are facing high level of stress.
Here is one of the many SOS messages:
“I actually I want to study medicine. So u know that universities needed grades like A* TO B. but I knew the core grade’s maximum, so I shocked to hear that. If you imagine that I got the grade C but it is not related to the university requirements so it is not possible to enter to my dream careeer. I also paid the fees for the IGCSE exam. Our school, also didn’t explained that clearer. Ok, So is there any ways to change the curriculum from core to extended. Any way or method (suggestion from you) “
As a homeschooler, you have much more control in choosing the subjects and paper combination. This however, has to be done based on your future study and career plans. If you need help in deciding on your subject group, simply drop us a message at the comment box below. We shall reply you within 24 hours.
Besides the freedom to choose the subjects and paper combination, private candidate is also free to register for exam whenever they are ready.
Join 62,169 (and counting) IGCSE & AS/A Level subscribers who've taken our insanely valuable FREE email courses. Learn exam tips & score A* in your exam!
Edexcel board currently offers 37 subjects for the International GCSE examinations. Edexcel’s iGCSE curricula are well established, and consistent throughout the learners’ learning journey. The curricula do not constantly change and thus learners can learn with peace of mind.
Learners may choose the subject combination based on their future studies in higher education.
Cambridge IGCSE offers more than 70 subjects. Students are required to take a minimum of 5 or maximum of 14 subjects. The core subjects are English, Mathematics and Sciences. Students can also choose other subjects ranging from Social Sciences (commonly Accounting, Business Studies, Economics, Sociology) to Arts & Technology (commonly Computer Studies, Information & Communication Technology (ICT), Art & Design).
Student is awarded with one IGCSE certificate on each subject. For example, you will obtain 5 IGCSE certificates, if you take 5 subjects. Each school decides upon the number of compulsory subjects differently. However, a private candidate may decides based on individual preference.
Edexcel iGCSE curricula are well-established, stable and based on current international audience requirements. Besides that, they have more extensive and wide range of topics that are prerequisite knowledge prior to International A Level studies.
Example topics and chapters that are available in Edexcel iGCSE, but not in Cambridge IGCSE:
Cambridge IGCSE curricula are regularly updated and extended on a yearly or every 2-year basis. Therefore, this has become a great challenge for learners, parents and teachers to catch up with the constant changes.
Example incident:
A teacher in a private school in the UK was not aware of the change of syllabus for English First Language. We managed to assist her with the new exam syllabus just 2 months prior to the exams.
In view of the constant change of Cambridge IGCSE syllabus, here at Skolatis, we have developed a system to keep updating our course material so that candidates are learning the right exam syllabus. Parents can have peace of mind that their children are learning the right syllabus.
Cambridge IGCSE Curriculum is divided into 6 main subject groups. Each group contains several subjects which learners can choose from, in order to fulfil the minimum required subjects.
IGCSE (International General Certificate of Secondary Education) and GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) are both qualifications that students in the United Kingdom and many other countries can earn, typically during their secondary education.
The main difference between IGCSE and GCSE lies in their geographic scope, curriculum, assessment methods, recognition, and flexibility. IGCSE is more internationally focused and flexible, while GCSE is primarily used in the UK and follows the UK national curriculum. Therefore, students and parents should consider these differences when choosing the most suitable qualification for their educational goals and circumstances.
GCSEs are primarily taken in the United Kingdom, including England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. However, in Scotland, a different system of qualifications is used.
IGCSEs are designed for international students and are offered by Edexcel and CIE. They are not limited to the UK and are used in many countries as an international qualification.
GCSEs follow the national curriculum of the United Kingdom. The relevant examination boards (for example AQA, OCR, etc.) in each of the UK nations determine the content and assessment methods.
IGCSEs do not necessarily follow the UK national curriculum. They often have a more global perspective and can be more flexible in terms of the subjects and content offered.
GCSEs in the UK are assessed through a combination of coursework (controlled assessments) and final exams. The grading system for GCSEs uses letter grades (A*, A, B, C, etc.).
IGCSEs typically rely more heavily on final exams, with limited or no coursework. The grading system for IGCSEs may use letter grades or a numerical scale.
GCSEs are widely recognised within the United Kingdom and are the standard qualification for students in the UK education system.
IGCSEs are recognized globally and may be more suitable for students who plan to study abroad or want to have their qualifications recognized in multiple countries.
GCSEs offer less flexibility in terms of subject choices and the content of the qualifications. Students typically follow a prescribed set of subjects.
IGCSEs often offer more flexibility in subject choices, allowing students to tailor their education to their interests and needs.
Universities and employers worldwide widely recognise and accept Edexcel IGCSE and Cambridge IGCSE qualifications.
Here are some examples international learners’ admissions into top universities globally.
Edexcel IGCSEs typically include written examinations, coursework, and practical assessments. The weightage of these components may vary depending on the subject.
Cambridge IGCSEs primarily rely on written examinations, with limited coursework and practical components. Assessment methods can vary by subject.
Edexcel IGCSE exams typically occur in January and June, standardised globally. Starting from November 2023, Edexcel has introduced the November series, replacing the January series. January 2023 was the last January series for Edexcel IGCSE. Therefore, from year 2024 onwards, Edexcel IGCSE is taking place in May/June and October/November.
Please refer to Edexcel IGCSE exam timetable and exam registration key dates for more information.
Cambridge IGCSE exams usually take place in May/June and October/November. With exceptional cases of March series for India, Romania and some schools in the Middle East.
Please refer to Cambridge IGCSE exam timetable and exam registration key dates for more information.
Note:
Although IGCSE and O Level are equivalent qualifications grade for grade, they are two different qualifications. IGCSE syllabus meets international standards while O Levels syllabus meets specific local needs in each country. Other notable differences are the grading scale, assessment techniques, and coursework options.
| IGCSE | O Level | |
| Grading | Grades are awarded from A* (highest grade) to G (lowest) | Grades are awarded from A* to E |
| Assessment techniques | Tests oral and practical skills | Focuses on writing and reading skills in language subjects Restricted practical test options in sciences |
| Coursework options | Available in many syllabuses | Fewer coursework options |
* If you need help in choosing between IGCSE and O Level, just leave us a question at the comment box below. We are more than happy to guide you.
Our internationally loved exam model answers had helped thousands of students in scoring A/A*. Schools and teachers worldwide have used these resources to aid in their teachings. Learn what an A* answer like, copy the style and score A* in your exam.
Our word-renowned IGCSE and AS/A Level courses had produced more than 1100 A/A* scorers worldwide. They are suitable for schooled or home-schooled candidates, and as full course or revision course.
We have the most complete past exam papers library on earth (no kidding!). Choose your exam board and download everything with one click.
Get the latest exam syllabus and plan your study accordingly.
Find out the exam registration and results released key dates for IGCSE and AS/A Level.
Check your administrative zone, the exam dates and time. For both IGCSE and AS/A Level.
Find and locate the nearest exam centre for your location.
Please kindly read the IGCSE FAQs here.
Note: CIE (Cambridge International Examination board) has its name changed to CAIE (Cambridge Assessment International Education) since October 2017.
In October 2023, CAIE updated its name, logo, look, and messaging. Cambridge International Education is the new name of the awarding body of Cambridge University Press & Assessment. This name will be used on materials related to administering exams and awarding qualifications.
Join 62,169 (and counting) IGCSE & AS/A Level subscribers who've taken our insanely valuable FREE email courses. Learn exam tips & score A* in your exam!
Amal Elsayed
Kuwait
Understanding your Cambridge International exam results can often feel like decoding a complex language. While your final letter grade (A*,
If you are wondering what is A level, it is one of the most recognised pre-university pathways in the world,
Preparing for your IGCSE English as a Second Language (ESL) exam can feel daunting. You are not just learning grammar
Choosing the right educational pathway for your child is one of the most significant decisions a family can make. In
2,343 responses
Greetings to all. I’m a Bangladeshi student studying in U.A.E and I have completed my IGCSEs this year with 8A*s Al7amdulillah. It is my dream to study medicals in the UK. I would be grateful if you would guide me more about some good medical universities in UK which offer scholarships as I am aware that pursuing higher education in the UK needs tremendous financial stability. I would also like to know if I could apply for citizenship incase if I study in the UK.
Hi Rahatara,
Congratulation on the great achievement! You can try to apply the University of Cambridge. They do provide scholarship. Studying in the UK will only grant you a student visa, not citizenship. You may find more information on this with your nearest British Council. They too can provide you more information on universities.
Thank you so much. Will go through the details. 🙂
Greerings
I want to become an engineer, specifically the ones that require physics such as electrical/ mechanical/aeronautical. I will decide the one field later.
I have got a distinction in my IGCSE 2014 may/ june results. Do univerisities accept IGCSE students directly for their undergraduate programmes? Or do I have to undertake IB or A levels?
Also, could I get a scholarship as I have got distinction?
I am from Tanzania and have no much knowledge about the universities in UK. Could you provide me examples of specific Universities that can take me straight to their undergraduate course with my IGCSE qualifocation only?
Hi Abbasdharamsi,
Congratulation for the excellent achievement!
Yes, there are universities that accept IGCSE straight to their undergraduate programmes. You may want to sit with your city’s British Council, and go through with them all the available universities. They can also advise you in terms of visa and application, etc…
At the same time, you will also find out which universities do offer scholarships for undergraduate.
Other wise, taking A-Level would open more doors for you to choose on your preferred universities.
Which one is better IGCSE or GCSE? and i was wondering if colleges look at Grades or marks ? i have currently finished my 7 igcse subjects (biology , Chemistry , physics, English as a second language ,maths , ICT & business studies ) and i got 1A* , 5As,1B , however will students be able to know their scores as well or only grades . Moreover will colleges look upon your grades or marks ? & if i was planning to apply for medicine after i finish my A level , what kind of grades do i require ?
i have a lot of inquiries and it would be great if all of them were answered , thank you
Hi Lana,
IGCSE is available for international students. GCSE is for UK schools. Both have same weight in terms of quality and acceptance.
You will only know your grades, such as : A* to U. Grades will be the only one colleges and universities look upon.
It all depends on which universities you’re applying. If you want to enter Cambridge, straight As is required for your A-Level. Some other universities might accept Bs with some As. Check with the universities that you want to apply. Ask them what do they want, that’s the best way to go.
i live in the United Arab Emirates and colleges here require a score not just grades , and i was reading through the grade boundaries of 2014 and i realized that about 73% (minimum) is an A* in Biology which is a loss of about 44 , so i was wondering will decent colleges accept me if i got a 73% ? even though i have all A*s & As?
Hi Lana,
We strongly suggest you to talk to the colleges that you want to apply, and find out what are their requirements. All colleges have different entry requirements. Instead of assuming, the best is ask direct.
Yes , Thank you
how many times can we resit in igcse esl o levels
Hi Rauf,
Gor IGCSE, so far there is no limit as one could sit for the exam. But the newest result will be used, even though your old result was at a higher grade.
Hi, our son is home-schooled in the UK. We have been following an American curriculum, but are now interested in iGCSE’s to get him qualifications before going on to A-level. We are aware of examination centres in our area. We have a couple of questions:
1. Are IGCSEs age-restricted here in the UK? He will be 16 in November.
2. How long would it typically take to work through the syllabus for one subject? ie, we were thinking he could study 3 subjects this year to sit next June, and another 3 the following year (subject to the answer to my first question). Is this realistic? Might he be ready instead to sit the exams in January?
Thanks for your help
Mark
Hi Mark,
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. There is no age restriction for IGCSE. He can take the exams at any age. Though IGCSE is being taken by students typically at age 16.
2. The syllabus for all IGCSE subjects is being designed as 2-year course, for schools to follow. If you would like to speed up the process, you probably could do it in one and a half year or less depending on the student’s ability. We do not typically encourage parents to try to speed things up. We encourage parents to follow the syllabus design, and let the student decides if he/she wants more or less. Remember, the most important thing is, the student must feel confident enough to take the exams. If not, no sweat, take your time to deepen your understanding of each subject and take the exam later. DO NOT make decision based on peer pressure.
Lastly, there are no examinations available in January. IGCSE examinations are being set twice a year, once in May/June, and another one in October/November. Check with your examination centre when you should enrol your son for the next session.