Percentage Uniform Marks (PUM) Explained: A Comprehensive Guide
Understanding your Cambridge International exam results can often feel like decoding a complex language. While your final letter grade (A*,
Announcement: Cambridge IGCSE, O Level and AS & A Level June 2025 past papers are now available.
IGCSE stands for “International General Certificate of Secondary Education.” It is an internationally recognised qualification for secondary school students, typically taken by students aged 14 to 16. IGCSE provides a broad and balanced education while also letting students to develop essential skills and knowledge.
IGCSE is equivalent to O Level, UK GCSE, fifth form or year 11 in respective countries and schools. It is the pre-requisite qualification before one proceeds to Advanced Level (A Level) or sixth form (year 12 & 13) or pre-university studies.
There are two main exam boards that offer IGCSE to international learners. Namely, Edexcel and CIE (Cambridge International Education).
Announcement:
Cambridge International Education no longer be an Ofqual-recognised awarding organisation from December 20, 2024.
In order to know which one is best for you, please follow the detailed analysis outlined here:
Determining whether Edexcel IGCSE or Cambridge IGCSE is “better” depends on several factors, including your goals, future studies, and subjects availability. Edexcel IGCSE and Cambridge IGCSE are international qualifications with similarities in grading and subject offerings.
Edexcel IGCSE has a much straight forward approach, with only one type of paper combination for all learners. Thus, all learners have equal chances to score grade A* (or grade 9 with the new grading scale system).
Cambridge IGCSE has more (and rather complicated) paper combinations. Exam entries are based on teachers’ grade prediction towards the learners. Therefore, teachers’ predictions are often contradicting with what learners wish to achieve at final exams. Consequently, resulting in lower paper entries that prevent the learners to achieve higher grade in the exams. Learners have complaint not able to adjust exam entries in time, and are facing high level of stress.
Here is one of the many SOS messages:
“I actually I want to study medicine. So u know that universities needed grades like A* TO B. but I knew the core grade’s maximum, so I shocked to hear that. If you imagine that I got the grade C but it is not related to the university requirements so it is not possible to enter to my dream careeer. I also paid the fees for the IGCSE exam. Our school, also didn’t explained that clearer. Ok, So is there any ways to change the curriculum from core to extended. Any way or method (suggestion from you) “
As a homeschooler, you have much more control in choosing the subjects and paper combination. This however, has to be done based on your future study and career plans. If you need help in deciding on your subject group, simply drop us a message at the comment box below. We shall reply you within 24 hours.
Besides the freedom to choose the subjects and paper combination, private candidate is also free to register for exam whenever they are ready.
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Edexcel board currently offers 37 subjects for the International GCSE examinations. Edexcel’s iGCSE curricula are well established, and consistent throughout the learners’ learning journey. The curricula do not constantly change and thus learners can learn with peace of mind.
Learners may choose the subject combination based on their future studies in higher education.
Cambridge IGCSE offers more than 70 subjects. Students are required to take a minimum of 5 or maximum of 14 subjects. The core subjects are English, Mathematics and Sciences. Students can also choose other subjects ranging from Social Sciences (commonly Accounting, Business Studies, Economics, Sociology) to Arts & Technology (commonly Computer Studies, Information & Communication Technology (ICT), Art & Design).
Student is awarded with one IGCSE certificate on each subject. For example, you will obtain 5 IGCSE certificates, if you take 5 subjects. Each school decides upon the number of compulsory subjects differently. However, a private candidate may decides based on individual preference.
Edexcel iGCSE curricula are well-established, stable and based on current international audience requirements. Besides that, they have more extensive and wide range of topics that are prerequisite knowledge prior to International A Level studies.
Example topics and chapters that are available in Edexcel iGCSE, but not in Cambridge IGCSE:
Cambridge IGCSE curricula are regularly updated and extended on a yearly or every 2-year basis. Therefore, this has become a great challenge for learners, parents and teachers to catch up with the constant changes.
Example incident:
A teacher in a private school in the UK was not aware of the change of syllabus for English First Language. We managed to assist her with the new exam syllabus just 2 months prior to the exams.
In view of the constant change of Cambridge IGCSE syllabus, here at Skolatis, we have developed a system to keep updating our course material so that candidates are learning the right exam syllabus. Parents can have peace of mind that their children are learning the right syllabus.
Cambridge IGCSE Curriculum is divided into 6 main subject groups. Each group contains several subjects which learners can choose from, in order to fulfil the minimum required subjects.
IGCSE (International General Certificate of Secondary Education) and GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) are both qualifications that students in the United Kingdom and many other countries can earn, typically during their secondary education.
The main difference between IGCSE and GCSE lies in their geographic scope, curriculum, assessment methods, recognition, and flexibility. IGCSE is more internationally focused and flexible, while GCSE is primarily used in the UK and follows the UK national curriculum. Therefore, students and parents should consider these differences when choosing the most suitable qualification for their educational goals and circumstances.
GCSEs are primarily taken in the United Kingdom, including England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. However, in Scotland, a different system of qualifications is used.
IGCSEs are designed for international students and are offered by Edexcel and CIE. They are not limited to the UK and are used in many countries as an international qualification.
GCSEs follow the national curriculum of the United Kingdom. The relevant examination boards (for example AQA, OCR, etc.) in each of the UK nations determine the content and assessment methods.
IGCSEs do not necessarily follow the UK national curriculum. They often have a more global perspective and can be more flexible in terms of the subjects and content offered.
GCSEs in the UK are assessed through a combination of coursework (controlled assessments) and final exams. The grading system for GCSEs uses letter grades (A*, A, B, C, etc.).
IGCSEs typically rely more heavily on final exams, with limited or no coursework. The grading system for IGCSEs may use letter grades or a numerical scale.
GCSEs are widely recognised within the United Kingdom and are the standard qualification for students in the UK education system.
IGCSEs are recognized globally and may be more suitable for students who plan to study abroad or want to have their qualifications recognized in multiple countries.
GCSEs offer less flexibility in terms of subject choices and the content of the qualifications. Students typically follow a prescribed set of subjects.
IGCSEs often offer more flexibility in subject choices, allowing students to tailor their education to their interests and needs.
Universities and employers worldwide widely recognise and accept Edexcel IGCSE and Cambridge IGCSE qualifications.
Here are some examples international learners’ admissions into top universities globally.
Edexcel IGCSEs typically include written examinations, coursework, and practical assessments. The weightage of these components may vary depending on the subject.
Cambridge IGCSEs primarily rely on written examinations, with limited coursework and practical components. Assessment methods can vary by subject.
Edexcel IGCSE exams typically occur in January and June, standardised globally. Starting from November 2023, Edexcel has introduced the November series, replacing the January series. January 2023 was the last January series for Edexcel IGCSE. Therefore, from year 2024 onwards, Edexcel IGCSE is taking place in May/June and October/November.
Please refer to Edexcel IGCSE exam timetable and exam registration key dates for more information.
Cambridge IGCSE exams usually take place in May/June and October/November. With exceptional cases of March series for India, Romania and some schools in the Middle East.
Please refer to Cambridge IGCSE exam timetable and exam registration key dates for more information.
Note:
Although IGCSE and O Level are equivalent qualifications grade for grade, they are two different qualifications. IGCSE syllabus meets international standards while O Levels syllabus meets specific local needs in each country. Other notable differences are the grading scale, assessment techniques, and coursework options.
| IGCSE | O Level | |
| Grading | Grades are awarded from A* (highest grade) to G (lowest) | Grades are awarded from A* to E |
| Assessment techniques | Tests oral and practical skills | Focuses on writing and reading skills in language subjects Restricted practical test options in sciences |
| Coursework options | Available in many syllabuses | Fewer coursework options |
* If you need help in choosing between IGCSE and O Level, just leave us a question at the comment box below. We are more than happy to guide you.
Our internationally loved exam model answers had helped thousands of students in scoring A/A*. Schools and teachers worldwide have used these resources to aid in their teachings. Learn what an A* answer like, copy the style and score A* in your exam.
Our word-renowned IGCSE and AS/A Level courses had produced more than 1100 A/A* scorers worldwide. They are suitable for schooled or home-schooled candidates, and as full course or revision course.
We have the most complete past exam papers library on earth (no kidding!). Choose your exam board and download everything with one click.
Get the latest exam syllabus and plan your study accordingly.
Find out the exam registration and results released key dates for IGCSE and AS/A Level.
Check your administrative zone, the exam dates and time. For both IGCSE and AS/A Level.
Find and locate the nearest exam centre for your location.
Please kindly read the IGCSE FAQs here.
Note: CIE (Cambridge International Examination board) has its name changed to CAIE (Cambridge Assessment International Education) since October 2017.
In October 2023, CAIE updated its name, logo, look, and messaging. Cambridge International Education is the new name of the awarding body of Cambridge University Press & Assessment. This name will be used on materials related to administering exams and awarding qualifications.
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Arun Joseph
Botswana
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2,343 responses
Hi Sir,
My son finished 10th CBSE form Hyderabad,India. He is very much eager to do IGCSE for his 11th and 12th.He is a Tennis player and we don’t have flexible timings for attending school. At Hyderabad we have School offering IGCSE but timings are from 8:30am to 3:30 pm and it’s becoming problem for Tennis practice.He want’s to do it Private by arranging home tution .If we appear has a private student does it affects his marks. Would there be any difference in Private student and Regular student.
If there is no difference how to register?He wants to do Engineering after 12th. He wants to select English,Math,Physics,Business Studies,Design and Technology or Information and communication Technology.
In Physics do we have practicals,If so his school is ready to help.Do they have project works in any other subjects. If so how to submit them?He got 10 on 10 in his 10th Standard. He is very good in his academics.We came to know IGCSE conducts exams yearly 3 times.During which months do they conduct.
Please Sir, we don’t have any idea about IGCSE.we need proper guidance and steps to do it without mistakes.Hope you can help us. I would be eagerly waiting for your reply.
Thanking you,
Parent,
M Ranjitha Priya
Hello Ranjitha,
Here are the answers to your questions:
1. Yes, you can always study at home, and you would be “Private Candidate”. You will sit for the exam either with schools that accept “Private Candidate” or simply register with the nearest British Council.
2. Marks and gradings do not based on the type of candidate. All candidates being marked equally.
3. Please let us know more specific what kind of engineering he would like to do?
4. As “Private Candidate”, you will write Paper 6, the alternative to practical paper. Please get more information from the British Council.
5. There are no coursework (project works) available for “Private Candidate”.
6. There are 2 examination sessions in a year worldwide: May/June session and Oct/Nov session. Nevertheless, there is one “extra” session in India, which is February/March session. You must check with British Council if the subjects that you wish to take are available in a specific examination session that you wish to sit for.
Hope these help.
Thanks a lot, Sir/Madam. This has surely helped us a lot. My son would like to take up Mechanical engineering/Industrial Design Engineering.
Thanks a lot again, 😀
You are most welcome Ranjitha.
If he is interested in taking up Mechanical Engineering/Industrial Design Engineering, it would be advisable to add in Chemistry and Additional Mathematics. If he thinks there are too many subjects, he can omit Business Studies. But if he likes this subject, by all means keep it 🙂
Sir/Madam,
My son does’t like Chemistry.Is it compulsory to do Chemistry.He is very good at his academics. He got Grade A in all subjects.He wants to do something innovating and creative. After Engineering,he wants to do MBA that’s why we choose Business Studies.
If it is compulsory for Mechanical Engineering/Industrial Design Engineering then I will make him sure to take Chemistry.If it is must later he has to regret.Sir what is paper 6?
Thanking you,
Ranjitha
Looking for CIE First Language Grade Boundaries 2015?
Dear IGCSE team,
my son just received a D in physics and a E in Chemistry, and a C in math (Edexcel) he wants to pursue a maths physics path for A/L. is this possible? If he goes for a the core paper resit in Physics and Chemistry will the C grade be sufficient?
Thank you, Ruvini
Hi Ruvini,
You must look at what he wish to study in the future, then decide whether he needs to resit or not.
For example, engineering courses require minimum Grade B and above. Same goes for medical or pharmacy. Find out more what he wants to do next, then you can decide better.
Hi, I got 5 A* (Physics, Chemistry, Maths B, Further Pure Maths, Bangla – first language) 2 A (English Language B and Accounting) and 1 B (ICT) in my edexcel IGCSE exams. How will these results affect my university application? I am not very happy with the B in ICT. And how does the As affect the application compared to the A*s?
Hello Ahnaf,
If you are not happy with the Grade B, then go for resit. Decide on it based on what you want to study in the future. Not whether you are happy or not.
Is getting a B in business studies in O’level is good or bad??
Hi Shrabasty,
Any grade is a good grade. You have to look at what do you want to study in the future. Not just looking at your grade and wondering is it good or bad.